Chemical Precipitation
Chemical precipitation depends upon the use of an added reagent which combines with the impurity to be removed to give an insoluble product which can then be removed by sedimentation,…
Chemical Coagulation
Chemical coagulation The settlement of fine colloidal and suspended solids can be assisted by the use of flocculation as described in last post but with dilute suspensions, such as lowland…
Flocculation
With small suspended particles the calculated settling velocities become so small that sedimentation is clearly impracticable, and for most purposes sedimentation is not an appropriate treatment process for particles smaller…
Sedimentation
Solids suspended in a fluid will settle at a velocity dependent upon their size and density and the density and viscosity of the fluid. The process occurs naturally in the…
Types of Treatment Processes
Most sources of water will require some treatment to remove undesirable constituents or simply as a precautionary measure to deal with accidental contamination. Similarly, most wastewaters need considerable purification before…
Types of analytical methods
The concentrations of impurities found in waters and wastewaters are relatively low compared with normal chemical solutions, so that analytical techniques appropriate to dilute aqueous systems are necessary. In general,…
Basics of all Flow measurement techniques
Today I am writing about flow measurement techniques The only direct way of measuring flow is to collect the total discharge in a calibrated container or in a weighing tank…
Activated Sludge Process
Activated sludge is a process in which organic matter of wastewater is digested/ oxidized using micro-organisms, enzymes in presence of oxygen or in absence of oxygen. The activated sludge or…
Water Softener
Hard water is the water that contains more than 60 mg/l Calcium, Magnesium and other metal ions. When water source contains limestone or chalk rock which largely made-up of calcium…
Basics of Ion Exchange
Ion exchange is a best technology to remove dissolved contaminant from water, like calcium and magnesium hardness, dissolved ions etc. Dissolved contaminants of water contains cations and anions. Dissolved substances…