Bacterial action and alert limits It is important to note that, with the exception of the reference to sterility for…

USP Sterile Purified Water USP Sterile Purified Water is USP Purified Water that is sterilized and suitably packaged. It contains…

Chemical specifications for USP Purified Water are outlined in the Official Monograph by referencing Physical Tests chapters for conductivity and…

Chemical specification of Drinking Water, for applications such as some initial rinsing operations and active pharmaceutical ingredient manufacturing operations, must…

Water and steam used in the pharmaceutical industry and related disciplines are classified by various pharmacopeias. The U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP)…

A number of natural materials such as zeolites, which are complex sodium-aluminium silicates, have the ability to exchange ions in…

Chemical precipitation depends upon the use of an added reagent which combines with the impurity to be removed to give…

Chemical coagulation The settlement of fine colloidal and suspended solids can be assisted by the use of flocculation as described…

With small suspended particles the calculated settling velocities become so small that sedimentation is clearly impracticable, and for most purposes…

Solids suspended in a fluid will settle at a velocity dependent upon their size and density and the density and…