Water pollution control is presently one of the major thrust areas of scientific research. While coloured organic compounds generally impart only a minor fraction of the organic load to wastewaters,…
It is vital to treat the water used in the manufacturing process to remove toxins, biohazards and any unwanted organic materials, while at the same time not incurring any residual…
The use of mechanical separation equipment is critical in many of the operations of the food and beverage production sector: partly to assure the required quality in a liquid product,…
In a semiconductor process, phosphorus, arsenic and stibium are n-type impurities in silicon or germanium, whose atoms can contribute negatively-charged electrons to the conduction band of the semiconductors. Boron and…
In textile process industries, dyeing and finishing processes are two important steps. These steps involve the dyeing of man-made or natural fibers to the desired permanent colours. Hence dyeing and…
The waste water generated by textile industries are considered most polluting among all industrial sectors because of volume discharged and effluent composition. During the last few years, new and/or tighter…
The treatment of wastewater is one of the most important subjects in pollution control. In the textile industry, the main pollution source of wastewater comes from the dyeing and finishing…
Granular activated carbon (GAC) is commonly used for removing organic constituents and residual disinfectants in water supplies. This not only improves taste and minimizes health hazards; it protects other water…
Filtration is the separation process in which suspended solid particles separated from liquid. Filtration operates entirely on particle or droplet size; i.e. particles below certain size will pass away through…
The Hydrologic Cycle, also known as the water cycle or the H2O cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth.